PERCEPTIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE GAZA WAR: The View from Sweden and NorwayIf ever there were a paradise on earth, leaving aside any religious implications of that phrase, Sweden would have to be a top contender. The same length as the whole of continental Europe, Sweden nonetheless has a population less than that of London. The country is green, clean, spacious, quiet, and rich in just about everything humankind could want apart from oil--and that is partly offset by clean and plentiful hydropower.
After decades of left-wing Social Democrat cradle-to-the-grave government, Swedes have been largely conditioned to having someone else do their thinking for them. The nanny-state was designed in Stockholm and exported around the world, with political correctness evolving to the point of self-effacement --all of which speaks volumes about the welfare of this wonderful nation and the time that its population has on its hands to voluntarily engage in "good works."
Foremost among these good works is the Israel-Palestine issue. The problem as explained to the Swedish public is between Israel and "Palestine"--the wider Arab instigation and perpetuation of the problem is largely ignored. Swedes like their problems neatly packaged and easy to handle--like their IKEA furniture.
Justifiably proud of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg's heroic personal role in rescuing so many Jews from the jaws of death in Hungry during World War II, Swedes are also palpably distressed that this was nonetheless just a personal role--the Swedish government itself did nothing; hence Sweden's traditionally friendly attitude to Israel.
That all changed in 1967. Jews were now asserting themselves, no longer the cowed remnants of a smashed minority in Europe. With their love for neat packages and simple black-and-white images, Swedes were quick to abandon their support of the Jewish state and Sweden's Jewish community and instead embrace the freshest batch of downtrodden victims packaged for them--the Palestinian Arabs. Sweden has for most of the past half-century been governed by a series of left-wing socialist governments. Former Minister Olof Palme moved Sweden from its traditionally Israel-friendly stance to being an increasingly belligerent, non-nuanced critic of the Jewish state.
Keen not to be perceived as once again standing on the sidelines, Sweden as a nation was ripe for over-compensation. In a culture conditioned to deal with one problem at a time and to solve it with engineering efficiency--Sweden has given us both Volvo and Saab, cars renowned for their engineering excellence--Swedes embraced and disseminated the Palestinian Arab narrative without question.
Sweden's oil dependency may be another factor in this change. In 1978, Sweden was given the opportunity of a barter deal with Norway whereby the Swedish state would buy out vehicle manufacturer Volvo and exchange a part of its shareholding in the company for a stake in Norway's recently discovered offshore oil reserves. For a variety of reasons the agreement was never ratified, and Sweden was left without any oil resources of its own. The pronounced shift in Sweden's Middle East stance largely coincides with the country's increasing dependence on oil to fuel its economy and its ever-larger oil bill.
To this mixture a number of other ingredients must be added: Not having been at war for 200 years, there is generally little nationalistic feeling in Sweden. Self-effacement is so far developed that native Swedes now question the suitability of flying the national flag, bearing in mind that the country has over the years become home to several hundred thousand "new Swedes"--the politically correct term for refugees, asylum-seekers, and other immigrants (mostly from the Middle East). There are about 400,000 Muslims--4 percent of the population--and 20,000 Jews in Sweden.
In 2006, a non-socialist coalition government came to power led by the Conservatives and supported by the Liberals, Center Party, and Christian Democrats. The current coalition adopts a more balanced approach to the Middle East but has been unable to make a real change. For example, economic aid to the Palestinians is never conditioned on such issues as greater democracy and human rights or even a limitation on not using Swedish aid for anti-Israel incitement.
How has all this affected Sweden's perception of Israel over the years, and more specifically in the aftermath of the war that Hamas provoked with Israel in December 2008? To say that attitudes have changed would be both correct and incorrect. Correct because for the first time since 1967, the man in the street is expressing understanding of Israel's security position and the geopolitical dilemma Israel faces: an aggressive Iran using Hizballah and Hamas proxies to expand its hegemony in the Middle East; an Arab world that seldom, if ever, questions its own policies; the abuse of Islam by Islamist political extremists for seeking political power; and the ever-present threat and commission of violence by large and growing minorities of disenchanted Muslim youths against other Muslims or non-Muslims.
In private, Swedes are as never before expressing concern over the demographic changes to their society and concern that their long-standing Jewish minority are under existential threat--Jews have lived here for almost 250 years, yet synagogues and other Jewish facilities require police protection, something no other minority group has ever needed in this country.
Meanwhile, the most important tone-setter in this country--the media--is still largely committed to a political agenda that sees vilification of the Jewish state as a legitimate means of bringing about its demise. The mainstream Swedish media--the national and local newspapers, state-funded radio and TV--are traditionally and still are openly anti-Israel. Swedish Radio and Swedish TV are both widely perceived as mouthpieces for pro-Palestinian activist groups. At an inter-faith rally in Gothenburg recently, a non-political event designed to bring together followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and whose sole banner read "A prayer for peace," Gothenburg's largest daily GP labelled the event an "anti-war rally," in other words, opposing Israel's policy in Gaza, something the organizers vehemently deny. The organizers were never asked for their comments.
One of the most active advocates against the Jewish state is news agency TT, the Swedish equivalent of Reuters or AFP. TT is 80 percent owned by the country's six biggest dailies, so its politically filtered news is automatically spread to 80 percent of the country's newspaper readers and to Swedish TV teletext news consumers. TT relies on three main strategies: deletion of news items that do not match its agenda, mistranslation of news or quotes to suit its agenda, and the insertion of lies in a stream of otherwise genuine news items.
Many journalists adopt TT's strategy. This explains why anti-Semitism is once again on the rise in Sweden. It also helps explain why specifically Jewish targets are selected whenever the conflict in the Middle East takes a turn for the worse--all Jews are by definition made collectively responsible for the actions of Israel. While the vast majority of Jews in Sweden are unequivocal and proud in their support of the Jewish state, this strategy is aimed at making Swedish Jews directly responsible for Israel's actions.
Sweden's Christian press and many of the smaller local and regional newspapers are often a clear contrast to the virulent anti-Israel, bordering anti-Semitic, discourse of the mainstream media. The Christian press, particularly, but by no means only the evangelical Protestant media, routinely maintains a higher ethical standard in its coverage of the Middle East. In contrast, the leadership of the Church of Sweden is strongly politicized and vociferous in its routine condemnations of Israel, while rank-and-file churchgoers seem to have a very different attitude. On January 27 every year, Sweden commemorates World War II and the Holocaust in which six million Jews were slaughtered. This year, in 2009, citing Israel's actions in Gaza as the reason, the Church of Sweden in Luleå announced its withdrawal from the customary commemorative service.
Just two days before that, on January 25, 2009, Jews and non-Jews gathered in the southern city of Malmö at a police-authorized rally in support of peace and the Jewish state. They were attacked by an illegal demonstration consisting of hundreds of Palestinians and Swedes who cut the power supply to the public address system and hurled stones, bottles, and rockets at the rally participants. The police responded immediately--by ordering the Jews off the streets. Holocaust survivors attending the rally recounted reawakened terror as uniformed officers with snarling German Shepherd dogs hustled Jews down dark alleys while a frenzied mob shouting "Heil Hitler" and "Death to the Jews" seized their meeting place.
In today's Sweden, such an event is by no means remarkable. What is equally disturbing is the minimal coverage it received in the mainstream media and the vilifying inaccuracies in the few stories published, with incorrect reports that the police had to quell a riot between Jewish demonstrators and anti-Israel counter-demonstrators. In fact, the Jews were singing about peace and engaged in no violence; the pro-Hamas demonstrators were carrying Hizballah's rifle-emblazoned flag and attacking them without provocation. There is film footage to prove it.
When it comes to the overwhelmingly negative and partisan treatment of Israel in the Swedish press, the saving grace is the electronic media, to which the general public is increasingly turning for unbiased news coverage and on which even politicians are increasingly relying for accurate news and incisive analysis.
Sweden may be a paradise in many respects, but as the propagandists and political extremists move ever more confidently onto center stage in an official Sweden paralyzed by political correctness, the grass-roots native population is becoming increasingly restive with the ugliness of a discourse imported from the Arab Middle East.
Similar issues can be seen in Norway. To give a sense of the atmosphere there, after speaking at a rally in Oslo on January 8, 2009, Siv Jensen, chairwoman of the Progress Party, the main opposition party, had to be placed under around-the-clock police protection after receiving a number of death threats. The party's foreign policy advisor, Dr. Asle Toje, remarked, "I have never experienced this kind of hatred in Norway. There were people throwing stones at and spitting on rally-goers. Afterward, people carrying Israeli flags were randomly attacked in the streets."
Remarkably, this reaction came despite the fact that Jensen's speech was an even-handed one, calling for secure borders for Israel coupled with an end to fighting and aid to the Palestinians in Gaza.
In contrast, the Socialist Party, which is part of the current government, has proposed boycotts of Israel. In August 2006, Jostein Gaardner, Norway's most famous living writer, wrote in the newspaper Aftenposten saying Israel should be dismantled. "Zionist terrorists started operating in the days of Jesus," he wrote, among other antisemitic slurs.
Ilya Meyer is a writer and translator living in Sweden. He served as chairman of the Board of Information of the Gothenburg Jewish Community, was vice-chairman of the Sweden-Israel Friendship Society, West Sweden Branch and a former board member of the Interfaith Dialogue Group, West Sweden Division.Gloria,
Meria Full Symposium,
Sweden,
UK,
Italy,
France,
GermanyThanks to Professor Barry Rubin (info@gloria-center.org) of GLORIA (http://www.gloria-center.org/) for permission to reprint this article. It is one in a series of several (see links above) in an international symposium dealing with perceptions of the Middle East after the Gaza War.Etiketter: English, Gaza, Middle East, Norway, Perceptions, Sweden